Category Archives: Blog

Oncology and Lymphedema Treatment – How MLD can Help

Ai generated Leg Lymphedema image

Lymphedema treatment is a crucial aspect of care for those diagnosed with cancer. At Melbourne Massage and Treatment in Fitzroy North, Giovanni is committed to providing effective support for his patients facing these challenges. Giovanni is a Clinical Myotherapist who trained for Lymphatic Drainage for Lymphedema Treatment with the Vodder Academy, the world leader institute for Manual Lymphatic Drainage services. What is Lymphedema? Lymphedema is the swelling that occurs when lymph fluid builds up in the tissues, often due to damaged or removed lymph nodes during cancer treatment. This can lead to discomfort, restricted movement, and an increased risk of infections. While lymphedema can develop at any stage of cancer treatment or even years later, early intervention is crucial for effective lymphedema treatment. The Role of MLD in Lymphedema Treatment Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) is a gentle, therapeutic technique designed to stimulate the lymphatic system. This process helps to promote the movement of lymph fluid, reducing swelling and discomfort associated with lymphedema. Benefits of MLD for Oncology Patients in Lymphedema Treatment: Reduction of Swelling: MLD encourages the natural drainage of lymph, helping to alleviate swelling in areas affected by lymphedema. Pain Relief: Many patients report reduced discomfort and pain following MLD sessions, which is especially beneficial for those experiencing lymphedema. Improved Mobility: By decreasing swelling and discomfort, MLD can enhance mobility and functionality for individuals dealing with lymphedema. Enhanced Immune Function: A well-functioning lymphatic system supports the body’s immune response, which is particularly important for cancer patients prone to lymphedema. Psychological Benefits: The soothing nature of MLD can provide relaxation and stress relief, addressing the emotional toll of cancer treatment and lymphedema. Our Approach at Melbourne Massage and Treatment At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, we understand that each patient’s experience with cancer and lymphedema is unique. Giovanni tailors each MLD session to address individual needs, ensuring a safe and effective lymphedema treatment plan. Our serene environment in Fitzroy is designed to provide comfort and relaxation, allowing clients to focus on their healing journey. What to Expect During an MLD Session for Lymphedema Treatment Initial Assessment: Giovanni will conduct a thorough assessment of your condition, including the extent of your lymphedema, and discuss your medical history. Personalized Treatment: Each MLD session is customized to target specific areas of swelling and discomfort related to lymphedema. Gentle Techniques: MLD utilizes light, rhythmic strokes to encourage lymphatic flow without causing pain or discomfort. Ongoing Support: We emphasize the importance of a multi-faceted approach, offering guidance on compression garments, skin care, and self-care techniques to manage lymphedema effectively. The Importance of Traditional Cancer Treatments While therapies like MLD play a valuable role in lymphedema treatment, traditional cancer treatments remain crucial for effectively combating cancer itself. Reasons to Continue Traditional Cancer Treatments: Targeting Cancer Cells Directly: Chemotherapy is designed to target and kill rapidly dividing cancer cells, essential for shrinking tumors and preventing metastasis. Reducing Tumor Size: Administering chemotherapy before surgery can shrink tumors, making them easier to remove and leading to better surgical outcomes. Preventing Recurrence: Chemotherapy helps eradicate any remaining cancer cells after surgery, reducing the risk of lymphedema and recurrence. Combination Therapies: Modern oncology combines chemotherapy with other treatments for a comprehensive approach, tailored to the specific type and stage of cancer. Evidence-Based Support: Chemotherapy is backed by extensive clinical research, providing reassurance about its effectiveness in treating various cancers. Managing Symptoms: Chemotherapy can alleviate symptoms caused by tumors, significantly enhancing a patient’s quality of life during treatment. Monitoring Progress: Ongoing assessment during chemotherapy allows for treatment adjustments based on individual responses. Conclusion Managing lymphedema, particularly in the context of oncology, requires a comprehensive and compassionate approach. At Melbourne Massage and Treatment in Fitzroy, we are dedicated to supporting our clients through their treatment journey with specialized care. Giovanni’s expertise in Manual Lymphatic Drainage offers a valuable resource for those looking to alleviate the symptoms of lymphedema while also emphasizing the importance of traditional cancer treatments. If you or a loved one is seeking effective lymphedema treatment related to cancer, we invite you to reach out to our clinic. Together, we can create a tailored plan that prioritizes your health and comfort. FAQ Q: What is lymphedema, and how does it relate to cancer? A: Lymphedema is swelling caused by the buildup of lymph fluid in tissues, often occurring after the removal or damage of lymph nodes during cancer treatment. It can develop during or even years after treatment, leading to discomfort and mobility issues. Q: How does Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) help with lymphedema? A: MLD is a gentle technique that stimulates the lymphatic system, promoting lymph fluid movement. This can reduce swelling, alleviate pain, improve mobility, and enhance immune function for patients with lymphedema. Q: What should I expect during an MLD session for lymphedema treatment? A: During an MLD session, Giovanni will conduct an initial assessment of your condition, customize the treatment to target specific areas of swelling, and use gentle techniques to encourage lymphatic flow while ensuring your comfort. Q: Is MLD a substitute for traditional cancer treatments? A: No, while MLD is beneficial for managing lymphedema symptoms, traditional cancer treatments like chemotherapy are essential for targeting cancer cells directly and preventing recurrence. Q: Can lymphedema develop at any time during or after cancer treatment? A: Yes, lymphedema can develop at any stage of cancer treatment or even years later, making early intervention and management crucial for effective treatment. Q: How can I manage lymphedema in addition to MLD? A: In addition to MLD, managing lymphedema may include wearing compression garments, practising good skincare, and incorporating self-care techniques as advised by your healthcare provider. Q: What is Lymphatic Drainage Massage for lymphedema, and how can I get started? A: Lymphatic Drainage Massage is a specialized technique that helps reduce swelling and discomfort associated with lymphedema by promoting lymph fluid movement. At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, Giovanni offers personalized sessions tailored to your needs. We invite you to book your initial consultation to discuss your condition and create a […]

Melbourne Lipedema Treatment: A Comprehensive Guide

Ai generated Leg Lymphedema image

Lipedema is a chronic condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat, primarily affecting the lower body, including the legs, thighs, and buttocks. This condition can lead to a distinctive body shape and often causes pain, swelling, and emotional distress. While it is frequently misunderstood or misdiagnosed as simple obesity, lipedema has unique features that require specialized treatment. In Melbourne, awareness and understanding of lipedema are growing, making it essential for individuals affected by this condition to seek appropriate care. Lipedema Management at Melbourne Massage and Treatment At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, Giovanni specializes in treating lipedema through personalized approaches that focus on symptom relief and improved quality of life. His expertise in Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) is particularly beneficial for lipedema patients, as it helps reduce swelling and discomfort associated with the condition. Giovanni tailors each treatment plan to address the unique needs of his clients, emphasizing the importance of early intervention to manage symptoms effectively. Stages of Lipedema and the Importance of Early Intervention Lipedema is generally classified into four stages, each with distinct characteristics. Stage 1: The skin appears smooth, but there may be noticeable fat accumulation in the legs, often causing a slight disproportion between the upper and lower body. Stage 2: The skin may begin to feel lumpy, and the fat deposits become more pronounced, leading to a more visible distortion in leg shape. Stage 3: Larger, irregular nodules of fat form, and significant swelling may occur, contributing to pain and discomfort. Stage 4: This stage often involves lymphatic complications, leading to the development of lymphedema, where fluid accumulation occurs alongside the fat deposits. Early intervention is crucial at any stage of lipedema, as prompt treatment can help manage symptoms, prevent progression, and improve overall well-being. Recognizing the condition early allows for targeted therapies that can minimize discomfort and enhance mobility. Lipedema is primarily a woman’s presentation. Lipedema is a condition that affects a significant number of women worldwide, with estimates suggesting that it impacts approximately 10% of the female population. Although the exact prevalence can vary based on factors such as genetics and lifestyle, many women remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to a lack of awareness about the condition. Lipedema typically manifests during hormonal changes, such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause, making it particularly relevant for women. Increased understanding and recognition of lipedema are essential to ensure those affected receive the appropriate care and support needed to manage their symptoms effectively. Key Differences Between Lipedema and Obesity Lipedema and obesity are often confused due to their overlapping symptoms, but they are distinct conditions with different underlying causes and characteristics. Fat Distribution: Lipedema primarily affects the lower body, particularly the legs, thighs, and buttocks, leading to an uneven body shape. The upper body typically remains unaffected, resulting in a disproportionate appearance. Obesity, on the other hand, involves overall body fat accumulation that can be distributed throughout the entire body, not limited to specific areas. Pain and Tenderness: Individuals with lipedema often experience pain, tenderness, and sensitivity in the affected areas, making the condition uncomfortable and sometimes debilitating. In obesity, while individuals may experience discomfort due to excess weight, pain is not a defining characteristic and varies widely among individuals. Response to Diet and Exercise: Lipedema is resistant to traditional weight loss methods. While diet and exercise can promote overall health, they often do not significantly reduce the fat deposits associated with lipedema. Obesity can often be managed through lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, which can lead to weight loss and fat reduction. Hormonal Influence: Lipedema is closely linked to hormonal changes and often develops during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. It is believed to have a genetic component as well. Obesity can be influenced by various factors, including genetics, lifestyle choices, metabolic conditions, and environmental factors, and does not necessarily correlate with hormonal changes. Diagnosis and Treatment: Lipedema requires a specific diagnosis that considers the unique symptoms and fat distribution patterns. Treatment may include Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD), compression therapy, and lifestyle adjustments tailored to managing symptoms. Obesity is typically addressed through weight management strategies, including dietary changes, physical activity, and sometimes medical interventions or surgery. Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, ensuring that individuals receive the care that best addresses their specific condition. FAQs About Lipedema Q: What is lipedema? A: Lipedema is a chronic condition characterized by abnormal fat accumulation in the lower body, particularly the legs, thighs, and buttocks, leading to pain, swelling, and a disproportionate body shape. Q: How is lipedema different from regular obesity? A: Unlike regular obesity, which affects fat distribution throughout the body, lipedema primarily targets the lower body and is often accompanied by tenderness, swelling, and a unique body shape that does not respond to traditional weight loss methods. Q: What are the stages of lipedema? A: Lipedema has four stages: Stage 1 features smooth skin and slight fat accumulation; Stage 2 shows lumpy skin and more pronounced fat deposits; Stage 3 involves larger nodules and significant swelling; and Stage 4 includes lymphatic complications, leading to lymphedema. Q: Why is early intervention important for lipedema? A: Early intervention is essential to manage symptoms effectively, prevent progression, and improve quality of life. Timely treatment can minimize discomfort and enhance mobility, making it crucial for individuals to seek care as soon as they notice symptoms. Q: How can Manual Lymphatic Drainage help with lipedema? A: Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) can alleviate pain and swelling associated with lipedema by promoting lymphatic flow. This gentle technique helps improve circulation and reduces discomfort, providing valuable support for those affected. Q: How can I book my initial consultation for lipedema treatment? A: To book your initial consultation for lipedema treatment at Melbourne Massage and Treatment, simply contact us through our website or call our clinic. Giovanni will work with you to create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs.

Expert Injury Treatment in Fitzroy

2 person doing exercises rehabilitation

Recovery from an injury is often an overwhelming task; however, a better understanding of the structured approach to rehabilitation can make the journey a lot easier and far more effective.  Giovanni is an expert in injury treatment in Fitzroy and, in this blog, describes, in detail, a step-by-step timeline for recovery based on various stages in the rehabilitation process and key focuses and objectives for each phase. The five stages that make Giovanni an Expert in Injury Treatment in Fitzroy Disclaimer: We can all encounter different types of injury, and we all have different mindsets and approaches to pain and difficulties. Those five stages are based on an average and most often non-post-surgical presentation. In order to obtain the best results and achieve a full recovery, always talk to Giovanni about your physical presentation and your goals and expectations. Giovanni would be more than happy to guide you throughout the recovery process and explain why the time frame may sometimes vary. Now, let’s start with the recovery journey. Stage 1: Acute Care (0-72 Hours) Pain management and no further injury are the goals during the acute phase. Understanding the nature of your injury and the particular healing process involved provides the basis for commencing your rehabilitation. Along the stage 1, is reccomend to follow the P.E.A.C.E. and L.O.V.E. protocol, which nowdays took over the P.O.L.I.C.E. one. P.E.A.C.E. and L.O.V.E. Protocol: Protection Elevation Avoidance of painful activities Compression Education about your condition and Load management [gradual introduction of movement] Optimal loading Vascularization [gentle movements to encourage blood flow] Emotion management Stage 2: Early Rehabilitation (1 Week – 4 Weeks) In this stage, the goal is to support tissue healing while maintaining as much function as possible. Monitoring pain levels and adjusting activities accordingly is essential. In order to achieve those goals, during those three weeks, we start introducing load for the injured site. Based on the subjectivity of the injury and the individual that we are working with, we adapt the load as necessary. At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, we use machines or free weights to deliver these services. Focus: Range of Motion (ROM): Begin gentle movements within pain limits. Isometric Exercises: Start low-load isometric exercises to maintain muscle engagement without stressing the injured area. Behavior Modification: Learn how to move and use your body to avoid aggravating the injury. Basic Pain Science: Understand the pain mechanisms involved in your injury to reduce anxiety and improve coping strategies. Stage 3: Foundational Movement (4 Weeks – 6 Weeks) Once the 4-week mark is passed, we are confident that the injured area has partially recovered and is strong enough to take the extra load. That said, this is injury and individual-dependent. What this means is that a muscle tear in 1st or second grade is closer to this time frame than what could be a ligament rupture. Focus: Stability and Motor Control: Incorporate unloaded movements to enhance stability. Low-Level Concentric Exercises: Introduce gentle concentric exercises to strengthen muscles. Increase Body Awareness: Engage in exercises that improve proprioception and body mechanics. Stage 4: Resisted Movement (6 Weeks – 12 Weeks) We now reach the stage where tissue adaptation becomes more pronounced as strength and endurance improve. The emphasis is on safely increasing the load and complexity of movements. It is here where machinery can come in really handy, as it allows to increase the load safely and hold track of the progression made. Focus: Isotonic Strength Through Range: Start incorporating isotonic exercises involving concentric and eccentric movements. Strength Endurance: Focus on building muscle endurance to support daily activities. Complex Task Demands: Introduce more challenging movements that simulate daily activities or sport-specific tasks. Stage 5: Load Tolerance and Return to Function (12 Weeks and Beyond) The final stage is all about transitioning back to normal life and activities, emphasizing performance and injury prevention. By this point, you should feel ready to reintegrate confidently into your regular routines. And what about if this in not your case? That’s where cross refferal with other practitioner is a key stracture of Melbourne Massage and Treatment rehabilitation approach. At the Fitzroy North Clinic Giovanni has the opportunities to work with Psychologist like Dr Mohsen Dehghani who has a strong background and focus on cognitive processing in chronic pain. Focus: Ballistic and Plyometric Exercises: Integrate dynamic movements to prepare for high-demand activities. Skill Development: Fine-tune skills necessary for your sport or daily living. Return to Play and ADLs Testing: Assess readiness to return to sports or daily activities. Lifestyle Management and Injury Prevention: Develop strategies to maintain your health and prevent re-injury. Expert Injury Treatment in Fitzroy In conclusion, we all know that recovery from injury can be slow, but at Melbourne Massage and Treatment, Fitzroy North, we clearly define the framework of rehabilitation to assist you in your journey. Every stage of recovery is individualized-from acute care to return to function. Giovanni is committed to getting you stronger, more mobile, and confident again. From personalized treatment to the ability to coordinate with other professionals, we do our best to make sure you are well-supported during your healing process. Let us be part of your journey to recovery and independence with day-to-day activities. Your path to recovery starts here. Book now your Myotherapy initial consultation or a 15-minute free phone call if you have any further enquire. FAQ Q: What is the P.E.A.C.E. and L.O.V.E. protocol for injury recovery? A: The P.E.A.C.E. and L.O.V.E. protocol focuses on Protection, Elevation, Avoidance of painful activities, Compression, and Education about your condition. It also includes Load management, Optimal loading, Vascularization through gentle movements, and Emotion management to support recovery. Q: How long does each stage of the rehabilitation process typically last? A: The rehabilitation process consists of five stages: Acute Care (0-72 hours), Early Rehabilitation (1 week – 4 weeks), Foundational Movement (4 weeks – 6 weeks), Resisted Movement (6 weeks – 12 weeks), and Load Tolerance and Return to Function (12 weeks and beyond). Q: What types of exercises are included […]

Lymphatic Drainage Massage

Giovanni with his hands doing Manual Lymphatic Draiange Massage on the patient elbow

Lymphatic Drainage Massage, also known as MLD (Manual Lymphatic Drainage), is a specialized therapeutic technique designed to stimulate the body’s lymphatic system, promoting fluid balance and overall wellness. Developed by Dr. Emil Vodder in the 1930s, this technique has gained recognition for its profound benefits and precision. The Vodder Academy, dedicated to preserving and advancing Dr. Vodder’s methods, offers a comprehensive framework for understanding and applying Lymphatic Drainage Massage. What is Lymphatic Drainage Massage? Lymphatic Drainage Massage is a gentle, rhythmic massage technique aimed at enhancing the movement of lymphatic fluid through the body. Unlike traditional massages, which focus on deeper muscle tissues, LDM employs light, precise strokes to support the lymphatic system. This method is crucial for managing fluid retention, detoxifying the body, and supporting immune function. The Vodder Method of Lymphatic Drainage Massage The Vodder Academy’s approach to Lymphatic Drainage Massage is grounded in Dr. Emil Vodder’s original techniques. These methods are designed to optimize lymph flow and include: Stationary Circles: Small, circular motions that stimulate lymph nodes and vessels, facilitating the opening of lymphatic pathways. Pump Strokes: Rhythmic, pumping movements that propel lymph fluid through the lymphatic system, particularly effective in areas of fluid accumulation. Scoop Strokes: Gentle scooping actions that direct lymph fluid towards nearby lymph nodes, aiding in effective drainage. Wringing Techniques: A light twisting motion that enhances lymph flow and reduces swelling (edema), performed with a delicate touch to ensure comfort. Benefits of Lymphatic Drainage Massage According to Vodder Academy standards, Lymphatic Drainage Massage offers numerous benefits, including: Reduction in Swelling: Particularly useful in managing conditions like lymphedema, where fluid buildup causes swelling in the limbs. Enhanced Immune Function: By improving lymph flow, LDM supports the removal of toxins and waste products, which strengthens the immune system. Improved Circulation: The technique promotes better blood flow, aiding in tissue healing and reducing recovery time. Relaxation and Stress Relief: The gentle, rhythmic nature of LDM provides a calming effect, helping to alleviate stress and enhance overall well-being. Applications of Lymphatic Drainage Massage MLD is applicable in various settings, including: Post-Surgical Recovery: Helps in reducing swelling and accelerating recovery after surgeries, especially those involving lymph nodes or reconstructive procedures. Chronic Conditions: Effective for managing chronic issues such as lymphedema, chronic venous insufficiency, and fibromyalgia. Cosmetic and Wellness Treatments: Popular in spa settings for reducing puffiness, enhancing skin health, and promoting relaxation. Giovanni’s Qualifications At Melbourne Massage and Treatment in Fitzroy North, Giovanni evaluates MLD as a cornerstone of his holistic approach to health and wellness. Giovanni trained in the Vodder Academy for applied MLD, and as soon as October 14th, 2024, Giovanni would complete his training for Lipedema and Lymphodema. Along with this training, Giovanni would learn how to work with patients who have no intact lymphatic system, as lymph nodes were removed during the cancer surgery. Indeed, Lymphatic Drainage Massage is a well-known therapy that can be implemented in the recovery process of an oncology patient by providing relief from discomfort, reducing fluid retention, and promoting relaxation during a challenging time. Giovanni’s goal is to offer a supportive and healing experience, contributing to improved quality of life and comfort throughout your cancer journey. Conclusion Lymphatic Drainage Massage, as practised according to the rigorous standards of the Vodder Academy, is a sophisticated and highly effective therapy for managing fluid balance and enhancing overall health. This specialized technique offers a range of benefits, whether used for medical, therapeutic, or wellness purposes. By focusing on the gentle stimulation of the lymphatic system, MLD can significantly improve fluid management, reduce swelling, and promote a heightened sense of well-being. Its applications extend beyond simply alleviating physical symptoms; it also fosters deep relaxation and contributes to a more balanced and harmonious state of health. If you’re ready to incorporate this transformative therapy into your health regimen, consider booking a session with Giovanni. His expertise and dedication to the Vodder method promise a session that not only addresses your specific needs but also delivers an exceptional level of relaxation. Discover how MLD can enhance your quality of life and bring a renewed sense of tranquility and well-being to your daily routine.  

Flat Feet: Why They’re Not a Problem and What You Need to Know

a picture with normal feet and a flat feet

Fallen arches, or Flat Feet, are often misunderstood and can be a source of concern for many. However, as a Clinical Myotherapist, I want to reassure you that flat feet are not inherently problematic. In fact, they can be pretty standard and, in many cases, don’t require any treatment at all. Let’s learn why. Understanding Flat Feet (FF) When the feet’ arch presents as flat, what is occurring is a flat foot, resulting in the entire sole of the foot making contact with the ground. What you may not have noticed yet is that this presentation can be triggered by being on your feet, as in standing on it, and not by lying down or in a seated position with the feet off the ground. This is what we would call structural FF. What are Structural Flat Feet? Structural FF also known as rigid FF , involve an anatomical abnormality where the arch does not form properly. This “malformation” could be caused by genetic factors or developmental issues. What the arch would look like is lower than usual or absent entirely, which is often a lifelong condition. Now, despite their appearance, structurally flat feet are less likely to lead to pain or discomfort. The body, indeed, as it is a functional bio-machine, would easily adapt well to this anatomical variation, and many people with structural flat feet can lead active and healthy lives without any special interventions. Different is the anatomical presentation for functional flat feet, and let’s see why. Functional Flat Feet Functional FF on the other hand, result from how the foot functions rather than an inherent structural issue. In this case, the foot arch may appear flat when standing or walking due to excessive strain or an imbalance in the muscles and tendons that support the arch. When the foot is not bearing weight, the arch may appear normal. Potentially, you could also have one flat foot and one that isn’t when having a functional presentation. This is a common one for those who suffer from structural scoliosis. The main reasons why you may present with functional FF is due to muscle Imbalance, within the foot and ankle. This might be due to overuse, poor posture, or repetitive stress. Other reasons include conditions such as overpronation or excessive weight. Addressing these underlying issues can often alleviate the problem. What can be done for Functional Flat Feet? Changing in foot wear, could be an option. Based on the activity that you are doing on a daily basis life, certain types of footwear may help more than others. Orthotics, which are custom or over-the-counter arch supports, can provide temporary relief and improve function, but these often are over-estimated tools that get prescribed at random. Exercises: Strengthening exercises for the feet and lower legs can help improve muscle balance and support the arch, reduce the pain and improve motor function. In some cases, as explained in this study by Sanchez-Rodriguez et al. (2020), exercises can change the shape of the feet for the better if the intervention is done at an early age; in others, it can help maintain the feet pain-free. When Should You Worry? Most people with flat feet experience no symptoms, and if that’s the case, you do not need to worry about changing the presentation, as it could lead to pain and discomfort. If you are experiencing pain, on the other hand, is worth it to consult an health care practitioner, that can be a podiatrist, or book an appointment at Melbourne Massage and Treatment, where we are going to evaluate if the pain is due to the flat feet it self, or to other conditions such as plantar fasciitis, shin splints, or other pathologies. The Bigger Picture It’s essential to remember that FF are just one of many variations of normal foot anatomy. They do not necessarily indicate a health problem or affect your overall well-being. For most individuals, flat feet are simply a characteristic of their body and do not require any special treatment. In conclusion, whether you have structural or functional flat feet, it’s essential to focus on how you feel and function rather than the appearance of your feet. In many cases, flat feet are perfectly normal and do not pose any significant health risks.

Isometric Exercises

Isometric exercises involve a partial muscle contraction without fully changing the muscle length or the angle of the joint. Basically, along with an isometric exercise, you are holding a position against resistance. Why isometric exercises? Most recent studies demonstrate how isometric exercises are crucial to exercise rehabilitation. Indeed, this type of exercise is ideal for starting a recovery program post-injury or even for improving a chronic pain presentation. Thanks to the muscle’s partial contraction, we activate positive neuromuscular adaptations of the tissue, avoiding leading the central nervous system into a fight-or-flight mode to protect the body from pain signals. Indeed, Isometric exercises, along the rehabilitation process, aim to desensitize the area affected. Injury recovery. To simplify the explanation, think of a grade 2 torn muscle. This type of injury refers to a muscle that has a hall in it. If we fully contract the muscle with concentric exercises, it would require all fibre to work really hard, and it would also require the fibre to be fully contracted. This would lead to pain and risk of further injury, as the muscle is not fully operative due to a hall. On the other hand, if doing a partial contraction of the muscle fibre, even the smallest one, and by holding it, we are still engaging the muscle, we are still activating it, and we are keeping our alarm system controlled by the central nervous system off. Furthermore, the activation of the muscle, even if partial, would still stimulate blood flow in the area, enough at least to stimulate a further recovery process. Would tendons benefit from isometric exercises? Yes they would, and let’s see how: During these exercises, tendons are subjected to tension without the additional strain of joint movement. A classic example is the recovery of a tendon from a tendinopathy, where the reduction in mechanical stress helps avoid exacerbating pain while still providing a stimulus for repair. Tendons would also benefit from this constant but controlled load to improve their strength, which would pay back in the future, leading to a decrease in injury due to sudden increasing load or repetitive movement. Given the composition of tendons, as per fibres made of collagen, isometric exercises stimulate collagen synthesis and deposition, which is essential for tendon repair and remodelling. What are some examples of Isometric Exercises? Isometric Hamstring Curl: This exercise is ideal for hamstring tendinopathy.1. Start by lying on your back with your knees bent. 2. Next, start pressing your heels into the floor as hard as possible without moving your legs. 3. Hold the press for 30 to 45 secs or as per directed by your physician. Isometric Calf Raise: Ideal for Achilles Tendinopathy. 1. Stand on both feet and elevate the hill of the ground. 2. Hold this position to engage the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. Isometric Shoulder External Rotation: To be used for rotator cuff tendinopathy. 1. This exercise can be practised in a standing or sitting position. Start by holding a resistance band or towel against your abdomen with your elbow bent at 90 degrees. 2. Press outward against a wall or an object that resist your force. This could also be a firm band that is attached to the opposite side of the pushing force. 3. The force in this exercise can be also directed medially, as per internal rotation. This is done when the target are muscle/tendons that provide internal rotation, like subscapularis and teres major. More complex forms of isometric exercises include plank, wall sit, push-up hold, bridge hold and bicep curl hold. Isometric and progressions Progression is essential to ensure body tissue’s ongoing stimulation and progress a potential recovery process. That said, progression has to be steady and applied slowly. To progress isometric exercises, we can increase the time of load from 30 to 45 seconds (per example) or increase the resistance/weight that the muscle or tendon is subjected to. On the other hand, another form of progression can be passing from standing on two feet to standing on one foot only or by doing a plank with the knee down to a plank on feet. During the recovery process from an injury, simple progression for isometric hold would take place in the second week after the injury. This applies to injuries like muscle tear, acute tendinopathy, or ankle sprain. At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, we offer a Treatment Plan that is a rehabilitation package for those who are recovering from an injury and need to progress their exercises along with ongoing hands-on treatment. In conclusion, isometric exercises are ideal for an early stage of injury recovery, especially in the sport field, but can still be part of a more in depth type of training, aiming to improve tendon capacity and joint stability. FAQ: Q: What are isometric exercises? A: Isometric exercises are those during which you contract your muscles without lengthening or changing the angle of the joint. In other words, you sustain a static position with some form of resistance, like holding a plank or pushing against a wall. Q: How do isometric exercises benefit tendons? A: Isometric exercises have a positive effect on tendons, as they reduce mechanical stress, enhance tolerance to load, improve collagen synthesis, modulate pain, enhance vascularization, and finally stimulate the cells. Therefore, isometric exercises can be used for rehabilitation and repair of tendons, pain relief, and strain relief. Q: Does isometric exercise possess any potential for pain management in tendinopathy? A: Isometric exercises may indeed be used to manage the pain arising from the pathology of tendinopathy. They can reduce pain by modulating pain perception, decreasing pain-evoking neural inputs, and improving local blood flow, which promotes the healing process. Q: How should isometric exercises be integrated into a rehabilitation program for tendinopathy? A: Isometric exercises should be cautiously added into a rehabilitation program, initially with low-intensity exercises and then gradually increasing in duration and intensity over time. This must be part of a package that also includes other modes of therapy, such […]

Remedial Massage for Chronic Pain

At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, we specialise in providing tailored remedial massage therapies designed to alleviate chronic pain. These therapies are meticulously designed to target the root causes of pain, fostering relief and recovery through specialised techniques. Our expert therapists are committed to assisting individuals in reclaiming their comfort and mobility, paving the way for a healthier, more active lifestyle. Key Takeaways: Tailored Approach: Each treatment is customised to address specific pain areas, enhancing effectiveness. Professional Expertise: Our therapists are highly trained in a variety of techniques to offer optimal relief. Holistic Benefits: Beyond pain relief, enjoy improved mobility and reduced stress. The Power of Remedial Massage Remedial massage is not just about relaxation; it’s a potent therapeutic tool for chronic pain management. By manipulating the soft tissues of the body, remedial massage helps in breaking down knots and improving blood circulation. This process not only alleviates pain but also enhances the healing process of the muscles and tissues. For individuals with conditions like arthritis, fibromyalgia, and back pain, a regular remedial massage can be a cornerstone of effective management. How Remedial Massage Works Pain Relief: Through techniques such as kneading and pressure, remedial massage relieves muscular tension and pain. Improves Circulation: Enhanced blood flow aids in faster recovery of sore, overworked muscles. Increases Mobility: Regular sessions help in restoring flexibility and range of motion. Addressing Chronic Pain Conditions with Remedial Massage Remedial massage not only provides immediate relief but also long-term benefits to those suffering from chronic pain conditions. By focusing on specific areas of tension and imbalance within the muscular system, remedial therapy can significantly alleviate the symptoms associated with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. For individuals dealing with repetitive strain injuries or postural problems, remedial massage provides essential relief that is both healing and preventive. By increasing tissue elasticity and fluidity, the therapy ensures less tension in the muscles, which is often the root cause of ongoing pain and stiffness. Individualised Treatment Plans Our approach at Melbourne Massage and Treatment is deeply rooted in understanding the unique conditions and needs of each client. During the initial consultation, our therapists perform a thorough assessment to determine the most effective treatment strategy. This personalised plan is aimed at not only addressing the pain but also at promoting recovery and preventing future issues. Each session is adapted to progress with the client’s recovery, ensuring the most beneficial outcome. Techniques and Therapies Remedial massage incorporates a variety of techniques, each chosen for its ability to target different issues: Deep Tissue Massage: Focuses on deeper layers of muscles and connective tissue, helpful in releasing chronic muscle tension. Myofascial Release: Targets the fascia, the connective tissue around muscles, alleviating tension and restoring mobility. Trigger Point Therapy: Aims at specific areas of tight muscles that cause pain in other parts of the body, often described as ‘knots’. Benefits Beyond Pain Relief The benefits of remedial massage extend beyond the direct treatment of pain. Regular sessions contribute to: Enhanced Recovery: Speeding up the recovery process from injuries and surgeries. Improved Posture: Regular massage helps in correcting posture and muscle imbalances. Stress Reduction: The relaxation aspect of massage helps reduce stress levels, which is often a contributor to chronic pain. Real Client Success Stories At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, we’ve seen remarkable transformations in our clients’ health. For instance, a client with chronic back pain, who had tried various treatments without significant improvement, found relief after a series of targeted remedial massage sessions. This individual story is just one of many that exemplify the healing potential of dedicated remedial massage treatment. Integrating Remedial Massage into Your Health Regimen Incorporating remedial massage into your regular health care routine can profoundly affect your overall well-being. It’s recommended for anyone suffering from chronic pain to consider setting up a routine with our skilled therapists. This not only helps in managing pain but also enhances general health and prevents the recurrence of injuries. Expert Care at Melbourne Massage and Treatment Our team of therapists at Melbourne Massage and Treatment is not only skilled in a variety of massage techniques but also in assessing the needs of our clients. They continually update their skills and knowledge to include the latest in remedial massage research and techniques. This commitment ensures that our clients receive the highest standard of care currently available in the field of massage therapy. Understanding Chronic Pain Management Chronic pain is a complex condition that affects every aspect of an individual’s life. At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, we believe in a multidisciplinary approach to pain management. Remedial massage is a cornerstone of this approach, but it is most effective when combined with other treatments and lifestyle adjustments. Our therapists often work in conjunction with physiotherapists, chiropractors, and doctors to provide a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses all aspects of the client’s health. Lifestyle and Remedial Massage Incorporating lifestyle changes alongside regular remedial massage sessions can dramatically improve outcomes for individuals with chronic pain. Simple adjustments like improving ergonomic setups at work, maintaining a balanced diet, and regular physical activity can complement the effects of massage therapy. Our therapists provide guidance on these aspects, offering a holistic approach to managing chronic pain. Education as a Tool for Empowerment Knowledge is power when it comes to managing chronic pain. Our therapists ensure that clients are educated about their conditions and the mechanics of pain, which empowers them to make informed decisions about their health. This education includes understanding how various massage techniques work to alleviate pain and how they can actively participate in their recovery process. The Role of Regular Assessment Regular assessments are crucial to the success of any treatment plan. By consistently evaluating a client’s progress, therapists can adjust treatments as needed, ensuring that each session is as effective as possible. These assessments look at pain levels, functionality, and overall mobility, adjusting the course of treatment to match the changing needs of the client. Conclusion At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, we understand the debilitating nature of chronic pain. Our remedial […]

Remedial Massage for Injury Recovery

Remedial massage offers a therapeutic approach to easing pain and hastening recovery from injuries, blending traditional techniques with tailored treatments to suit individual needs. At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, we specialise in this intricate therapy, aiming to not only alleviate pain but also to restore function and enhance overall well-being. Key Takeaways: Remedial massage provides targeted pain relief, enhancing comfort during recovery. This therapy promotes increased circulation, aiding the body’s natural healing process. Regular treatments can improve flexibility and mobility in affected areas. The therapy also supports mental well-being, helping reduce stress associated with injuries. How Remedial Massage Can Help in Recovering from Injuries Direct Impact on Injury Sites: Remedial massage techniques are adept at targeting the specific tissues affected by an injury. By applying controlled pressure to the injured area, these techniques help break down scar tissue and adhesions that can restrict movement and cause pain. As a result, the direct manipulation of these tissues stimulates healing and the restoration of healthy function. Enhancing Lymphatic Drainage: One of the lesser-known but critical benefits of remedial massage is its ability to stimulate the lymphatic system, which is pivotal in reducing swelling and inflammation often associated with injuries. Improved lymphatic drainage not only alleviates pain but also enhances immune system function, which is crucial in fighting off potential infections that can complicate the recovery process. Stimulation of Endorphin Release: The process of remedial massage helps in stimulating the body’s production of endorphins, the natural ‘feel good’ hormones. These hormones act as natural painkillers, reducing the perception of pain and promoting a sense of well-being. This psychological boost is essential, as it can significantly impact one’s motivation and enthusiasm for continuing with the rehabilitation process. Restoring Muscular Balance and Posture: Injuries often disrupt the normal muscular balance within the body, leading to compensatory movements and postures that can themselves lead to further discomfort or injury. Remedial massage helps to identify and correct these imbalances. By easing the tension in overused muscles and stimulating underactive ones, the body can return to a more natural posture and reduce the risk of recurring injuries. Preventative Measures for Future Injuries: Beyond just aiding in recovery, remedial massage serves a preventative function. Regular sessions can identify and mitigate risk factors associated with injuries, such as tightness in certain muscles or limited joint mobility. This proactive approach not only helps to prevent future injuries but also enhances overall physical performance and endurance. Integrating Remedial Massage into Recovery Plans Integrating remedial massage into an injury recovery plan should be done with consideration to the individual’s specific needs and medical history. Collaboration with healthcare professionals can ensure that massage techniques are effectively aligned with other treatment modalities, such as physical therapy or medication, for optimal recovery. Customised Treatment Approaches: Every injury is unique, and thus, every remedial massage session should be tailored to the specific needs of the individual. Experienced therapists at Melbourne Massage and Treatment assess each client’s condition and create a personalised treatment plan. Long-Term Health Benefits The benefits of remedial massage extend far beyond immediate injury recovery. Regular sessions contribute to maintaining a healthy musculoskeletal system, reducing the risk of injury by keeping muscles loose and flexible and improving joint mobility and stability. Furthermore, the relaxation benefits of massage can help manage stress, which is a common factor in many chronic health conditions. Holistic Approach to Well-being: Melbourne Massage and Treatment promotes a holistic approach to health, where remedial massage is integrated with other wellness practices. This might include guidance on nutrition, exercise, and mental health strategies to support a well-rounded recovery and maintain long-term health and well-being. Empowering Clients: Educating clients about their body and the healing process is a critical component of the service provided. By understanding the mechanics of their recovery and the role remedial massage plays, clients are better equipped to take proactive steps towards their health, further enhancing the effectiveness of their treatment. Enhancing Mental and Emotional Well-being An often overlooked aspect of remedial massage is its capacity to improve mental and emotional health. The stress of dealing with an injury can be overwhelming, leading to anxiety and depression. Remedial massage helps mitigate these issues by promoting relaxation and reducing stress levels. The soothing effect of hands-on therapy provides a therapeutic escape from the constant concern over injury and recovery, which in turn can accelerate the physical healing process. Optimal Circulatory Health Improved blood circulation is another significant benefit of remedial massage. By enhancing blood flow, more nutrients and oxygen are delivered to damaged tissues, which is crucial for repairing injuries. Additionally, better circulation helps to remove waste products and toxins from the body, which can accumulate around injury sites and slow down the healing process. This aspect of remedial massage is essential for those recovering from muscular injuries and strains, as it ensures that tissues receive the necessary components for swift recovery. Flexibility and Strength Remedial massage plays a crucial role in enhancing flexibility and strength, particularly post-injury. Techniques like stretching and kneading increase the elasticity of muscle fibers, preventing stiffness and increasing range of motion. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who are recovering from joint or muscle injuries, as it aids in gradually restoring strength without adding undue stress on the recovering tissues. Synergy with Other Therapies For comprehensive recovery, remedial massage often works best when combined with other therapeutic approaches. For instance, integrating massage with physiotherapy or chiropractic care can provide a more holistic recovery plan. Each therapy complements the other, with massage easing muscle tension and improving flexibility, while other treatments focus on alignment and functional improvement. Educating Clients on Self-Care At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, we believe in empowering our clients with knowledge about self-care techniques that complement their in-clinic massage sessions. Simple strategies, such as regular stretching, proper hydration, and stress management techniques, are shared to enhance recovery and prevent future injuries. This education is crucial, as it helps clients maintain the benefits of massage between sessions and builds a foundation for lasting health. […]

Tendinopathy

Tendon and Tendinopathy diagram

Tendinopathy refers to the tendon’s painful or irritating condition, usually brought about by repetitive stress or overuse. Symptoms include pain, tenderness, and swelling in the affected area. It often results from activities that put excessive strain on the tendon or sudden increases in activity levels. What is a tendon? A tendon is a tough, flexible band of fibrous connective tissue that ties a muscle to a bone. The force generated by the muscle would be relayed through tendons onto the bones, thereby allowing movement of the body. Tendons are made of closely packed bundles of collagen fibers, which enable them to be strong enough to bear such stresses of activities. As tendons are not as stretchy as muscle fibres, they deal with load differently. Indeed, if put under an intense load, repetitively stretched, or used for repetitive movement, tendons get irritated. What are the stages of tendon degeneration? Regardless of age or biological gender, we will all experience some form of tendon degeneration throughout life. The more tendons are used, the earlier the degenerative process will be. In this context, we must reevaluate the negativity of the world’s “degeneration.” So, instead of giving a negative value to this world, let’s consider tendon degeneration only as a process of change in the tendon structure. This process is made of 3 stages: Reactive Tendinopathy: The first stage is characterized by a non-inflammatory reaction with a thickened tendon from increased protein production. The tendon can return to normal if the stress is reduced. Tendon Disrepair: If untreated, this is typically the second phase after reactive tendinopathy and is identified by further separation of collagen, disorganization of matrix, increased vascularity, and neural ingrowth. It normally needs to be diagnosed through imaging. Degenerative Tendinopathy: This is the final stage, characterized by permanent changes including cell death and marked matrix disorganization; it results in thickened and nodular tendons. Poor prognosis is associated with this condition. What to do when experiencing tendon pain? As you start experiencing pain, it is always suggested to reach out to a professional health therapist to evaluate what the problem is. In regards to tendon pain, the first step, independently from which stage of degeneration the tendon is in to, is suggested rest from the movement that flair up the area. On top of that the usage of heat pack is reccomended for a couple of times a day for 10 to 15 minutes. Tendon have a low blood supply compared to muscles, and the heat applied from outside can help in driving more blood to the area. Moving forward, if the pain is still present after three days, then the usage of an anti-inflammatory is recommended. The suggestion is to wait 3 days because, in the first three days of pain, the body puts in place what we call the “initial inflammatory response”, a phase in which the body increases blood volume to the area together with other biochemical reactions that kickstart the healing process. If, after three days, the inflammation has not ceased, that’s when the anti-inflammatories are needed. How do we treat tendinopathy at Melbourne Massage and Treatment? As a Clinical Myotherapist, I would suggest starting in the early stage with hands-on treatment and exercises-rehabilitation, such as a Myotherapy session. Past the first 3 days of inflammatory response, is good to start looking into why the presentation is not progressing for the better. Treatment modalities: Deep tissue massage is a modality that can stimulate relaxation and drive more blood to the area affected. Myofascial Dry Needling (MDN) can target the muscle attached to the tendon/s. It can help boost a new inflammatory response, desensitise the painful area, and increase muscle activation by interacting with the central nervous system. Exercises are then the takeaway for home. In the early stage, we would use isometric exercises to desensitize the area, partially load the muscle and keep the tendon active with constant load. This type of exercise can be used during the 1st or the 2nd week, based on the degenerative process we are dealing with. In terms of the time of load, based on the subjective finding, a time would be outlined. Roughly, we know that we are looking at an isometric load that would last about 30 to 45 secs with a break between one load and the next one, of the equivalent time. How long could it take to recover fully? Scientific studies have shown that the recovery process for tendinopathy varies from 3 weeks to 6 months. This is a big range of time, of course, and it is all about the gravity of the presentation, the tendon location, and the amount of rest that can be achieved along the recovery process. That said, as per all the exercises, the program is suggested for a minimum of three days a week and a maximum of five days a week. That would give enough time for the structure to be loaded and have time to recover, too. In conclusion, if you are suspicious of suffering from a tendinopathy, do not hesitate to reach out to Giovanni and Book Now for your next Myotherapy treatment. FAQ Q: What is tendinopathy? A: Tendinopathy is an injury to the tendons and results from repetitive stress or overuse. The result of the tendinopathy is pain, tenderness, and swelling into the affected area. Common activities causing this generally include over-straining or suddenly increasing the level of activity. Q: What is the degeneration process of the tendons? A: The tendon degeneration progresses in three stages: 1) Reactive Tendinopathy. 2) Tendon Disrepair. 3) Degenerative Tendinopathy. Q: What should I do if I have tendon pain? A: If suffering from tendon pain, basic things that you may try include: Rest the tendon from any activities that worsen the pain. Apply a heat pack for 10-15 minutes several times during the day as this helps to increase blood flow. Anti-inflammatory medication can be considered after three days, as this is typically when the initial inflammatory response has […]

Body response to pain

A rose Thorn on to a forearm

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. It serves as a protective mechanism, alerting the body to harmful stimuli. Pain can be acute, arising suddenly in response to injury or illness, or chronic, persisting beyond the usual healing course. It encompasses both physical sensations and the emotional responses to those sensations. Introduction to pain perception As defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), pain is an “unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” (Raja et al., 2020). How, then, can physical damage induce pain? To respond to this question, we must introduce a complex body system called the central nervous system (CNS). The brain and the spinal cord mainly make the CNS. Along the CNS, information is transmitted, like electrical impulses. Along those impulses, we have nociceptive signals, which are signals carried by nociceptive neurons (from Latin nocere ‘to harm or hurt’; lit. ‘pain receptor’). The role of these neurons is to let the CNS know when potential damage does happen. So, when you sting your hand with the thorn of a rose, image a little guy, running from your finger to the brain, screaming, “Damage, Damage!” and next, image another little guy, running down from the CNS to the finger screaming “Pain, Pain!”. This is an easy way to simplify the pain response.   Pain Processing phases Understanding pain involves recognizing its three key phases: transduction, transmission, and modulation. Transduction is the initial stage where painful stimuli, such as a cut or burn, are converted into electrical signals by sensory receptors in the body. These signals then travel through transmission, moving along nerve fibres to the spinal cord and brain. Once in the brain, pain undergoes modulation, a complex process where the intensity and perception of the pain signal are altered. This phase involves several key brain regions, including the thalamus, which relays pain signals to other parts of the brain; the somatosensory cortex, which helps identify the location and intensity of the pain; and the limbic system, including the amygdala and hippocampus, which contribute to the emotional and psychological aspects of pain. The prefrontal cortex also plays a role in cognitive evaluation and decision-making regarding pain. Modulation can involve both descending pathways from the brain that can inhibit or amplify pain signals, influenced by factors such as stress, mood, and past experiences. Understanding these processes helps in developing targeted pain management strategies that aim to interrupt or adjust pain signals at different stages. Inflammatory response. Once physical damage does occur, a pain response is created, and to start a healing process, the CNS system, in collaboration with another body system, puts in place what we know as Inflammatory Response (IR). The IR is an automatic body response to damage, where the CNS starts caring for the body. To do so, the CNS would send extra blood flow to the area, it would constrict the blood vessels in the area, and sensitize the area, which means it would make that area more sensitive to stimulus, and this is because it wants to tell the body to be careful on not doing further damage. That said, the inflammatory response would last 24 to 72 hours post-injury. After this time frame, the inflammatory response should wind down. Indeed, during this time frame, taking any anti-inflammatories or using an ice pack is not recommended because the first would stop the inflammatory response, and the second would slow down the blood flow to the area. Tissue Healing time Any tissue in the body can and would heal on its own, regardless of the care you put in place. When we say any tissue, we refer to musculoskeletal tissues, which include bone, muscle, tendon, ligaments nerves and skin. Actually, there can be an exception for nerve and skin regeneration, which is based on the entity of the damage. So, the difference between the different tissue healing processes is time. Indeed, a muscle, based on the type of tear, of course, would have a different healing time than a bone fracture, and no external stimulus can boost the healing time process. However, external stimuli can help improve the quality of the healing process. We already discussed this in the exercises blog post. Chronic Pain and possible cure from it So chronic pain, as we already defined, is a pain that lasts longer than three months, and it can linger around even when there is no tissue damage left. This is possible when the nociceptors are more sensitive to stimulus. Different is the type of sensitization that the nociception can reach, and therefore, it is fair now to introduce concepts like allodynia, which is defined as “pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain” and hyperalgesia that is defined as increased pain from a stimulus that usually provokes pain. When this hypersensitisation is achieved, it’s hard to believe that things can change, especially when, after months of pain, several practitioners did try to help you and the only thing that is realising the pain is heavy meds. Recent studies In a more recent study by Ashar et al. (2021), they obtained some significant results with Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT), which did show substantial promise for chronic back pain (CBP) relief through a randomized clinical trial involving 151 participants. This study compared PRT with open-label placebo and usual care, using a combination of telehealth and in-person sessions to shift patients’ beliefs about their pain from being injury-based to brain-generated. Remarkably, 66% of those undergoing PRT were pain-free or nearly pain-free post-treatment, a significant improvement over 20% in the placebo group and 10% in the usual care group. This relief was largely sustained over a year. fMRI scans indicated that PRT altered brain activity, increasing connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and sensory areas while reducing pain-related responses. Additionally, PRT led to improvements in disability, anger, sleep, and depression. The changes […]


This will close in 0 seconds


This will close in 0 seconds


This will close in 0 seconds