Muscle tension headache and migraine are two different types of presentation that have in common a pain, which can also be debilitating, in the head area. Back in 2019, in Australia, 3 million people were estimated to suffer from migraine (Wijeratne et al., 2023), where, define how many people are suffering from muscular tension head-ache is a bit more tricky, as is not a presentation that can be easily tracked, due to self managed protocols, and other miss data counting. That said, they have different origins, symptoms, and treatment options. In this blog post, we will explore the key differences between muscle tension headaches and migraines, helping you understand how to identify and manage them. What Are Muscle Tension Headaches? Muscle tension headaches, or tension-type headaches, are the most common. This type of headache originates from cervical or facial muscle tensions, which recreates a pattern of pain on the head of facial area. As with all muscles, but even joints, the pain that we can experience can be local or in an area around the tense spot. These headaches are often linked to stress, lack of good posture, anxiety, and even sleep disturbances. They can be chronic or occasional, but compared to migraine, they lack neurological symptoms. Symptoms of Muscle Tension Headaches: Dull, aching pain or pressure around the head, especially in the forehead, temples, and back of the head. A sensation of tightness or “band-like” pressure around the head. Mild to moderate intensity (usually not as severe as a migraine). Pain can last from 30 minutes to several hours, sometimes even days. Tenderness or tightness in the neck, shoulders, and scalp. Causes of Muscle Tension Headaches: Stress: Emotional and mental stress is one of the primary causes of muscle tension in the neck and scalp muscles. Lack of good posture: Sitting or standing with poor posture and lack of strength in the musculoskeletal system, especially for long work, can strain muscles and trigger headaches. Sleep issues: Sleep deprivation or poor-quality sleep can exacerbate muscle tension and lead to headaches. The body recovers from the fatigue of the day before during sleep, especially in the early morning hours. Sleep deprivation would increase the chance of a headache. Dehydration: Not drinking enough water can lead to tension and headache symptoms. The body withdraws water from the brain to keep the organ functioning, causing physical brain shrinkage, which leads to headaches. Recent studies have indicated that chronic tension-type headaches (CTTH) are often exacerbated by environmental stressors, and poor posture in daily activities can cause muscle imbalance and contribute to the frequency of these headaches (Bendtsen et al., 2018; Grazzi et al., 2016). Treatment Options: Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help ease the discomfort. Heat pack: Applying a warm compress to the neck and shoulders can help relax tense muscles. Keep always in mind that heat application should be limited to 10-15 minutes, once or twice a day. Massage: Gentle massage of the neck and shoulder muscles can reduce tightness and alleviate headache symptoms. Stress management: Practising relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, thai yoga, and meditation can reduce stress and prevent muscle tension headaches. Strengthen muscles: Strengthening the muscles around your cervical and shoulder area can help reduce the chance of suffering a headache by reducing the inflammatory response that the muscle would activate due to a lack of strength. What Are Migraines? As I mentioned above, the significant difference between headaches and migraines is due to neurological symptoms, a unique characteristic of migraines. Migraines are neurological events that involve complex brain activity. They are characterised by intense, throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head. They are often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraines are more debilitating than muscle tension headaches and can last a few hours to several days. The intensity of the headache doesn’t have to be severe. Symptoms of Migraines: Although many people experience nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity, migraine symptoms can vary, with some individuals experiencing dizziness or visual disturbances without significant head pain. Throbbing or pulsing pain, usually on one side of the head. Nausea and vomiting. Sensitivity to light, sound, and sometimes smells (aura). Visual disturbances such as flashing lights or blind spots (this is known as an aura, which can occur before or during the headache). Dizziness or feeling lightheaded. Migraines are understood to be primarily driven by neurovascular changes and neuronal hyperexcitability (Feng et al., 2021). A review by Wagner et al. (2021) found that the pathophysiology of migraines involves alterations in neurotransmitter systems, notably serotonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), which contribute to the vasodilation and pain signaling pathways. Causes of Migraines: Genetics: Migraines tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Hormonal changes: For many women, changes in estrogen levels, such as during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can trigger migraines. Environmental triggers: Bright lights, strong smells, certain foods (like chocolate, cheese, or caffeine), weather changes, lack of sleep, and allergies that cause sinus issues are common migraine triggers. Neurological factors: Migraines may involve changes in the brain’s nerve pathways, chemicals, and blood vessels, which cause inflammation and pain. Treatment Options for Migraines: Prescription medications: Triptans and anti-nausea medications are commonly prescribed to treat the acute pain of migraines. Preventive medications: For frequent migraine sufferers, medications such as beta-blockers, antidepressants, or anti-seizure drugs may be prescribed to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. Lifestyle changes: Regular sleep, a healthy diet, and consistent exercise can help reduce the frequency of migraines. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Managing stress through therapy can help alleviate migraine triggers. Alternative therapies: Acupuncture, biofeedback, and massage therapy are sometimes used as complementary treatments for migraine management. Recent studies support preventive treatments for chronic migraines, such as CGRP antagonists (Kundera et al., 2020) and neuromodulation techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation (Lefaucheur et al., 2017). Key Differences Between Muscle Tension Headaches and Migraines Although muscle tension headaches and migraines involve head pain, they differ […]
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Muscle Tension Headaches and Migraines: Key Differences and Treatment Options
Muscle tension headache and migraine are two different types of presentation that have in common [...]
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Ankle Sprain: Why you should care about it.
Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries, especially for athletes, active individuals, and even [...]
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Strengthening Exercises: Building Resilience for Better Health
Strengthening exercises are an important way to improve our overall health by improving muscular endurance [...]
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Managing Menopause Symptoms: Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition, Exercise, and More
Menopause is a natural phase in every woman’s life, but it comes with a variety [...]
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Hormones and Menopause: What is happening?
Menopause is a crucial step in a woman’s life. Menopause marks the time when a [...]
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Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries, especially for athletes, active individuals, and even those who simply trip or misstep during daily activities. Despite being a frequent injury, the importance of properly recovering from an ankle sprain is often underestimated. Proper rehabilitation is crucial not only for returning to normal activities but also for preventing long-term complications like chronic instability, arthritis, or re-injury. In this blog, we’ll take a closer look at ankle sprains, their impact on the ligaments involved, and why recovery is so vital for the health of your ankle and the joints above it. What is an Ankle Sprain? An ankle sprain is an injury that occurs to the ankle ligament, which may stretch or be torn. Most commonly, this happens on the lateral portion of the ankle, as the plantar of the feet turn internally. The role of ligaments is to connect bones to each other and provide stability to the joint. In the acute phase of injury, you may experience swelling, pain, bruising, and sometimes instability in the joint. Mechanism of action includes sudden twisting, rolling, or turning motions, like sports or walking on uneven surfaces. Not all ankle sprains are the same, indeed, we have a classification system for it, which is based on their severity: Grade I (Mild): A slight stretching or microscopic tearing of the ligament fibres, typically causing minimal swelling and pain. Grade II (Moderate): Partial tearing of the ligament, with noticeable swelling, bruising, and limited mobility. Grade III (Severe): Complete rupture of the ligament, leading to significant swelling, instability, and difficulty bearing weight. Which Ligaments Are Most Affected? The ankle joint consists of several ligaments, but sprains most commonly affect the lateral (outer) ligaments. These include: The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the most commonly sprained ligament on the front of the ankle. Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL): A ligament that connects the fibula to the heel bone. Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL): Less frequently injured, but it can be involved in more severe sprains. Studies show that the ATFL is the most commonly injured ligament, with up to 85% of all lateral ankle sprains involving this ligament (Kerkhoffs et al., 2012). The CFL is also frequently injured, but less commonly than the ATFL. As mentioned above, most often an ankle sprain happens on the lateral portion of the ankle, but in rare cases, the deltoid ligament on the ankle’s medial (inner) side can be sprained, particularly during more forceful or traumatic incidents. Why more laterally than medially? Biomechanically, our ankle finds it easier to turn inwards than outwards. Therefore, it is easier to exceed in ankle inversion (the feet’ plantar face the medial line of the body) than the other way around. This is due to the disposition of the bond in the ankle and feet. The Risks of Not Fully Recovering from an Ankle Sprain Many people recover from an ankle sprain and return to normal activities, but this doesn’t always mean the ankle is fully healed. Incomplete recovery can lead to several risks, including: Chronic Instability: If the ligaments don’t heal properly, the ankle may feel unstable, making it prone to future sprains or injuries. This can create a cycle of repeated sprains, leading to longer-term joint instability. Re-injury: Insufficient rehabilitation increases the risk of re-injury. Returning to physical activity too soon or without proper strength can cause the ligaments to overstretch or tear again. Arthritis: Studies have shown that improper healing of the ankle joint can lead to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). This occurs when the joint surfaces are not properly aligned during healing, leading to cartilage degradation over time. Research suggests that 5-20% of individuals who suffer from ankle sprains may develop PTOA later in life (Delco et al., 2017). Muscle Weakness and Atrophy: After a sprain, the muscles around the ankle often weaken due to disuse and immobilisation. This weakness can extend to other areas of the body, increasing the risk of compensatory injuries (e.g., knee or hip strain) as you change how you move to protect the injured ankle. The Benefits of Proper Recovery As with any injury, the recovery process is dictated by your subjective presentation, which includes your clinical history, fitness level, and more. Here are some of the key steps for a full recovery: Achieve strength and joint stabilityThanks to the therapist’s guidance and a mix of treatment and exercises focused on the muscles that cross the ankle joint, like the peroneal and calf muscles, you can regain ankle stability and strength to return to your daily activities. This process can take up to 12 weeks, and its success is based on a mix of your clinical history and effort placed in the recovery process. Reduction in the Risk of Chronic PainPast the acute phase of injury, the risk of developing chronic pain is a common problem for individuals who don’t rehabilitate properly after an ankle sprain. In fact, studies suggest that proper rehab can reduce the risk of long-term pain by improving joint function and reducing stiffness with research indicating that patients who complete a rehabilitation program are 60-70% less likely to experience chronic ankle pain compared to those who don’t (Gribble et al., 2016; Zamperetti et al., 2019). Rehabilitate the Range of MotionA key goal of rehabilitation is to restore the full range of motion (ROM) to the injured joint. Restoring normal ROM is critical for preventing compensatory movements that can strain other joints along the joint chain, like the knee, hip, or lower back. The Recovery Process: What to Expect Proper recovery from an ankle sprain typically involves several stages: Acute Phase (0-72 hours) – P.E.A.C.E: Protect: Safeguard the injured area from further harm and avoid excessive strain. Elevate: Raise the injured area to reduce swelling and improve blood flow. Avoid Anti-inflammatories: Refrain from using anti-inflammatory medications unless advised by a healthcare professional, as they can hinder the natural healing process in some cases. Compress: Apply compression (e.g., with bandages or sleeves) to reduce swelling and provide support. Educate: […]
Strengthening exercises are an important way to improve our overall health by improving muscular endurance and stability around the joints. Unlike isometric exercises, which are performed with static muscle contractions, strengthening exercises involve dynamic movements that are capable of creating contractions and lengthening of muscles. This type of training is relevant not only for sportsmen but also for everyone who wants to raise their physical condition. Why Strengthening Exercises? Recent studies have focused on the role that strengthening exercises play in the maintenance and enhancement of musculoskeletal health. Strength exercises play a key role in preventing injuries, rehabilitation, and the enhancement of daily functional activities. Why this is possible is because this type of training consists of applying resistance to your body that will challenge your muscles, bones, ligaments and tendons, helping build strength, endurance, and overall physical function. Strengthening exercises stimulate muscular hypertrophy, which is defined by an increase in muscle size and strength. This is very important for preventing and even delaying the onset of sarcopenia, a major factor in declining health with natural aging. Strengthening for Injury Prevention and Recovery Imagine having a shoulder injury and undertaking rehabilitation: It would start with light movement and isometric exercises. After the initial healing phase, strengthening integration is essential. Strengthening exercises rebuild the muscle’s strength, provide joint stability, and regain total function. For example, with a shoulder injury, performing resistance exercises such as rotations with a resistance band and or weights, along different planes and directions, can help regain the strength of the rotator cuff muscles. These exercises will enhance not only the muscles around the shoulder but also the overall stability of the joint and consequently reduce the chance of future injuries. Without going through the exercises phase, you may experience a decrease in pain over the weeks after the initial injury (it depends on the severity of the injury), but that doesn’t mean that you are out of danger or re-injury. Indeed, as soon as you place extra force in the joint or on the soft tissue of the shoulder, the risk of re-injury would skyrocket, as the shoulder complex it may not be ready or strong enough to permorm such actions. Body tissues and Exercise Strengthening. What’s the deal? Throughout our lifespan, our metabolism slows down. During this process, not only will we process energy intake differently, but how our body recovers and regenerates will also change. So, all the body’s soft and hard tissues will have difficulty recovering and staying strong. That’s where the strength exercises come through. Applying a resistance to those tissues, a positive stress resistance, would allow those tissues to regenerate and grow stronger. These are valid for both soft and hard body tissues. We define positive stress as something that does not put the body in danger but is a stress that the body can handle and take advantage of, like a few kg of a dumbbell or a resistance band. Then, the stronger we get, the more weight we can handle, and that’s how we progress in the exercises. How Do Strengthening Exercises Benefit Tendons? Probably the most essential rehabilitation of connective tissues besides bones would have to be the tendons, which connect muscles to bones. When you do resistance training, tendons encounter controlled stress that stimulates the building of collagen. Collagen is vital in repairing and strengthening tendons; thus, the substance is one of the priorities in any rehabilitation program for tendons. For instance, in the rehabilitation from Achilles tendinopathy, there are such eccentric calf raises- you gradually lower the heel below the level of the step, which are particularly effective. The exercise improves resilience and strength of the tendon through progressive loading and stimulating collagen synthesis. Examples of Effective Strengthening Exercises Squats: Excellent for overall strength of the lower body. First, try squats with your own weight, then add weights as you progress. Deadlifts: So good for exercising the posterior chain, such as hamstrings, glutes, and lower back. Go with lighter weights to perfect the form before adding any resistance. Push-Ups: A great exercise for your upper body since it targets the chest, shoulders, and triceps very well. Variants such as decline or incline push-ups can be done to increase/decrease the intensity level. Progressing the Strengthening Exercises Exercise progression is necessary if improvement is to be continually achieved; otherwise, this often leads to a level where no significant further improvements are made. Start with exercises that match your current fitness level and gradually increase the intensity by adding more weight, increasing repetitions, or incorporating more complex movements. For example, one can perfect squats with one’s own body weight and then subsequently move on to the next level by adding dumbbells or even a barbell. Or, for instance, when one masters regular push-ups, they can always try modifications, such as adding weights to the push-up or doing one-arm push-ups to make their muscles work harder. Incorporating Strengthening Exercises into Your Routine It is easy to incorporate a routine where another routine already exists. Indeed, strength exercises don’t have to be associated with hours and hours in the gym. You can have a dumbbell or a kettlebell or a resistance band, sitting in your kitchen, and while you wait for your morning coffee to come up, you can do a few squats. A few minutes of well-practised exercise here and there are better than nothing. Start with little, learn how to experience the pleasure of movement and the benefit of exercising and from there you can build a stronger and longer routine of self-care. And as you learn more and more, you can start looking into balancing a comprehensive program that blends strengthening exercises with cardiovascular activities and flexibility training to promote overall health and functionality. How often should we exercise? I often get asked this question when I give exercises to my patients. We now know that the frequency of strength exercises is strictly related to our goals. So to increase your strength, you look for 3 to 5 […]
Menopause is a natural phase in every woman’s life, but it comes with a variety of physical, emotional, and mental challenges. As hormone levels shift, particularly estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, many women experience symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, sleep disturbances, and weight gain. Fortunately, there are many ways to alleviate these symptoms through lifestyle changes, such as exercise, a balanced diet, improved sleep hygiene, and stress management techniques. In this blog, we will explore how adopting a healthier lifestyle can significantly improve your menopausal experience. Exercise and Physical Activity Exercise is again the best recommendation for health improvement that can be offered here. Of course, implementing exercises alone without following any other changes or advice (where needed) is not going to do the trick. But let’s start from here. Exercises can improve overall health and have specific benefits that help ease common issues like weight gain, mood swings, and hot flashes. But not only that. Indeed, exercises, and in particular strength training, are positive stress, which allows the body to regenerate and ensure the slowing down of bone and muscle mass, which is one of the main issues that a woman going through menopause is going to face. Here is a list of exercises routine, that you could focus on to. But keep in mind that if you really want to chose, I would strongly suggest Strength Training. Aerobic Exercise:Walking, swimming, cycling, or jogging would help in improving circulation, promote heart health, and relieve stress (for the last one, especially if done in open air environment). Regular aerobic exercise has also been shown to reduce the frequency and intensity of hot flashes. Plus, it aids in weight management, especially during menopause when metabolism slows. Strength Training:Engaging in strength training exercises, such as weightlifting or resistance band workouts, helps preserve muscle mass and improve bone density, which decreases as estrogen levels decline. This is essential for reducing the risk of osteoporosis and maintaining a strong bond and muscle mass. Yoga or Pilates:Both yoga and Pilates are great for improving flexibility, balance, and muscle strength while reducing stress and anxiety. These low-impact exercises help maintain your physical health and mental well-being, both of which can be affected by hormonal fluctuations during menopause. Tai Chi or Qigong:These ancient practices involve slow, deliberate movements and deep breathing. They are excellent for enhancing balance, reducing stress, and promoting relaxation—especially helpful for managing mood swings and anxiety. Eating an Anti-Inflammatory Diet A nutrient-rich diet can significantly improve menopause symptoms. By incorporating specific foods and avoiding certain triggers, you can reduce inflammation, balance hormones, and support your body’s needs during this transition. Phytoestrogens:Phytoestrogens are plant-based compounds that mimic estrogen in the body and can help alleviate symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats. Foods rich in phytoestrogens include soy products (tofu, tempeh, edamame), flaxseeds, lentils, chickpeas, and whole grains. Calcium and Vitamin D:As estrogen levels decline, the risk of bone loss and osteoporosis increases. To support bone health, incorporate calcium-rich foods such as leafy greens (kale, broccoli, sesame seeds), fortified plant-based milks, and dairy products. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption, so get it from sun exposure or foods like fatty fish (salmon, mackerel) and fortified foods. Vitamin D is cumulative, so during the longer days of the year, ensure to spend some extra time in the sun. But of course, do so during the safest hours and not at UV light pick time. Regarding Vitamin D and Calcium supplements, there is a strong debate about whether they are good or what potential side effects they have, so you’d better talk to your GP about the specifications. Healthy Fats:Omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce joint pain and inflammation during menopause. These healthy fats also support heart health, which is increasingly important as estrogen levels drop. Whole Grains and Fiber:Fibre helps stabilise blood sugar levels and improves digestion, which can be helpful as metabolism slows. Incorporate fiber-rich foods like whole grains (brown rice, oats, rye), fruits, vegetables, and legumes to support digestive health and reduce bloating. In the case of beans and grain, ensure that they are soaked when needed to reduce the bloat side effect. Limit Sugary and Processed Foods:Foods high in sugar and processed carbs can cause blood sugar spikes and crashes, leading to irritability and fatigue. This is where having a variety of fresh food is a key component. So yes, no one wants you to overstress about what you eat or not, but, generally speaking, if you have never looked into a balanced anti-inflammatory diet, it is time to do so. Reducing Alcohol and Inflammatory Foods Both alcohol and inflammatory foods can exacerbate menopause symptoms, so limiting or avoiding them can provide significant relief. Limit Alcohol:While alcohol might seem like a way to unwind, it can actually trigger hot flashes, disrupt sleep, and contribute to mood swings. Moderation is key—try limiting your alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day, and if possible, reduce it further to see if it improves your symptoms. Alcohol is a substance that the body does not recognise, and it has quite a hard time breaking it down. Avoid Inflammatory Foods:Highly processed foods, refined sugars, and trans fats can increase inflammation in the body and worsen menopause symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, and mood swings. Instead, focus on anti-inflammatory foods such as berries, leafy greens, fatty fish, and nuts to support your body during this phase. Inflammatory foods are all those that contain Omega-6 fatty acids, which are long-chain fatty acids, that would get collected in your Lymphatic System at first, and attacked by the macrophages (white cells), inciting an inflammatory response. Caffeine:Excessive caffeine can disrupt sleep and worsen hot flashes. If you find that caffeine aggravates your symptoms, consider reducing your intake or cutting back on coffee and other caffeinated beverages, especially in the afternoon or evening. Here is a great podcast from ZOE podcast about Coffee (and yes, it […]
Mar
Bone density is a key factor in bond fracture prevention. Bone is made of cells that die and regenerate. When this process is compromised, the risk of fracture arises. During the early stages of life, we can ensure that we intake and store calcium through food to build up our bones, but after a certain age (about 30), the body stops absorbing calcium, and the storage that we created is now our reserve for the rest of life. Cell Regeneration in Bone and Other Body’s Tissues The body’s cells, like muscle cells, skin cells, tendon cells, ligament cells and even bond cells, are in constant change via a process called cell regeneration. Old cells die off and they get replaced with new cells. In the case of bone, the cells that allow this process to happen are called osteoblasts. While we age, this process slows down, meaning that cells would still die, but they don’t get replaced. A typical example is a woman going through menopause. Estrogen, which is the hormone responsible for bond metabolism, allows the activity of osteoblasts. During menopause, indeed, women have a drop in Estrogen production, and osteoblasts are not as operative as they used to be. Strength Exercises and Cell Regeneration As this meta-analysis shows, strength exercises are a positive stress stimulus for the body and can help the osteoblast work harder and maintain bone cell regeneration. When the body perceives stress as physical resistance, it does its best to establish a reparation mechanism. So whenever we pick a weight against gravity, the body would implement a regeneration of the tissue that are used to complete this action. Who Is at Risk of Losing Bone Mass? There are several factors that can contribute to decreased bone mass: Age: Bone density typically peaks in early adulthood and declines with age. Gender: Women, especially postmenopausal, are at higher risk due to hormonal changes that accelerate bone loss. Family History: A family history of osteoporosis can increase risk. Body Size: Individuals with smaller body frames may have less bone mass to draw from as they age. Hormonal Levels: Thyroid imbalances and reduced sex hormones can lead to bone loss. Dietary Factors: Low calcium and vitamin D intake contribute to diminished bone density. Lifestyle Choices: A sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking are linked to weaker bones. I have included factors like dietary and hormonal levels in the above list. Bear in mind that taking supplements such as calcium and vitamin D (which helps retain calcium) could have severe contraindications. So, always talk to your doctor or specialist about the intake of supplements. How to determine Bone Density? To determine bone density, there is a diagnostic test called Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA). This non-invasive procedure measures the mineral content in bones, usually in areas like the spine, hip, or wrist, to assess bone density and identify potential risks of osteoporosis or fractures. The results are given as a T-score, which compares your bone density to the average peak bone mass of a healthy young adult. A T-score of -1.0 or above is considered normal, while a score between -1.0 and -2.5 indicates low bone mass (osteopenia), and a score of -2.5 or lower suggests osteoporosis. Other methods, like ultrasound or quantitative computed tomography (QCT), can also assess bone density, but DEXA remains the gold standard for bone health evaluations. Mobility before strengthening So far, we have discussed how strength exercises are a good way to maintain bond density. Still, I would not recommend that anyone who is not into strength exercise and has bone density issues go and start lifting heavily. Why (?), you may ask. Well, before we start lifting heavy, we want to ensure that the body mechanics are optimal for it, so we better start looking into your mobility and then pass on to the strength part of things. Please be aware that mobility has nothing to do with elasticity or stretching. Those are different practices. How Can We Achieve Great Mobility For people who decide to take a journey to ensure an optimal level of mobility and then strengthen the body, the first step is to assess their joint mobility with active and passive range of motion. After that, we could use a combo of Myotherapy treatment and mobility exercises to ensure they can quickly pick up the best of their mobility capacity, given their subjective presentation. And here is a list of mobility exercises which we may look into at first: Hip Openers to improve range of motion in the pelvis and lower back. Ankle Drills to support proper weight distribution in weight-bearing exercises. Thoracic Spine Mobility Exercises to prevent excessive strain on the lower back. AC Joint External rotation to ensure we can build strong rotator cuff muscles, essential for shoulder health It Is Time To Strength. How Can We Do This? Once the minimum mobility is achieved, which may take 1 to 2 weeks of training, depending on each individual and their subjective history and effort, we can start looking into more strengthening exercises. So, here is a list of different exercises that can help with strengthening, written with the progressions to follow: Calf raises with double leg, single leg and weight Hamstring and Quads Curl that gets weight added as weeks go by Standing Adduction and Abduction at cable machine or with resistance bend Glut Muscles training at cable machine or with resistance bend Deadlift for back and posterior chain muscle strength Squat with weights and explosion variations Cuff rotator-specific strength is Ideal before stepping into more complex arm weight-lifting Cervical muscle strength to prevent cervical headache and sore neck All of those exercises, except the cervical one, can then be modified to achieve plyometric drills and combined movement. But this is a process that would take months, and there is no rush to get to it, as I want you to be safe through out the all journey. Integrating Exercise into Myotherapy Treatment At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, I […]
Mar
Musculoskeletal pain can be complex, and orthopedic tests and hands-on treatment, sometimes, can be a limited tool to individualise what is happening with the body’s internal structure. Indeed, there are times when a deeper look is required to ensure we are on the right path. This is where body scans imaging comes into play to identify presentations like tendinopathy, bursitis, ligament tear or other underlying conditions. The Role of Body’s Scan in Diagnosing Pathology Body scans include a series of imaging technologies, such as ultrasound, x-ray, MRI, to name a few. Ultrasound is a highly effective imaging tool used to assess soft tissue structures in real-time. Unlike X-rays, which primarily show bone, ultrasound provides detailed images of muscles, tendons, bursae, and ligaments. This makes it an excellent tool for diagnosing conditions such as: Tendinopathy – A chronic condition involving tendon degeneration due to overuse or injury. Bursitis – Inflammation of the bursae, the small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues. Those tissue types are found along different body joints, like the shoulder and the hip. Ligament Tears – Partial or complete tears of ligaments, often occurring after trauma or excessive stress. Baker’s cyst – is a fluid-filled swelling that forms behind the knee, often resulting from knee joint conditions like arthritis or meniscal tears, causing discomfort and limited mobility. When we are suspicious of one of those presentations, due to positive results obtained by orthopedic test and medical history, including mechanism of injury, we attempt a recovery process, based on the type of injury, symptoms, and other relevant information. Along this recovery process, we may start with isometric exercises. If, with the first 6 weeks, and a series of sessions, 3 to 4 sessions with this time frame, we still don’t see a major recovery, then we may want to get extra investigation ongoing via an ultrasound scan, which can clarify the underlying pathology. It allows us to confirm or rule out certain conditions, ensuring that treatment strategies are aligned with the actual tissue damage (if any is present). On the other hand, based always on the individual case, we could also require X-rays, which are often more helpful in diagnosing conditions related to the bones, such as arthritis or fractures, as they provide a clear view of bone structure and joint spaces. MRI is a scan that is used for Brain imaging, and when the investigation needs higher details, like when looking at the spine or a joint that via ultrasound was not giving any sign of issue. Ultrasound is also comparable to MRI, as it is faster, easier to deliver, and has fewer complications. How can myotherapy treatment help recovery from what a body scans would show? As we already discussed in another blog, Myotherapy is a practice that looks into the well-being of the skeletal muscle structure. To understand what can be done about a painful presentation, we would initially take a detailed clinical history, then look into objective measurements, such as your movement and body presentation. Given the result we can obtain, we would build up a treatment plan which includes: Hands-on Treatment – Techniques such as deep tissue massage, myofascial release, and dry needling can help reduce pain and improve mobility. Exercise Prescription – Strengthening and mobility exercises help restore function and prevent future injuries. Load Management Strategies – Proper guidance on activity levels ensures tissues heal without excessive strain. That management technique would then be combined and adjusted around the scan’s results. Here are a few examples: Bursitis: If a bursitis is confirmed, medications may be given to reduce the inflammation of the bursa, for that, we concentrate on MLD treatment to further reduce the inflammation and exercises to build strength on the structure that needs support. Ligament tear: When talking of ligament tear, the healing time can dilagate to months if not also a year, so we know now why the 6 weeks program may was not as responsive. We will keep focusing on the strength of the muscle that surrounds the specific joint, and use hands-on treatment to boost blood to the area affected. Arthritis: Medication or dietary change may be put in consideration for pain management and inflammatory reduction. Also in this case, MLD can be used to manage the pain response, and exercises for mantain movement in the affected joint/s. When Should You Consider an Ultrasound or other body scans? If you experience ongoing pain, swelling, or restricted movement that is not improving with therapy, an ultrasound or other scan helps identify the cause. This can prevent prolonged discomfort and allow for a more targeted treatment approach. At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, in Fitzroy North, we aim to provide the most effective care possible. If you’re dealing with persistent musculoskeletal pain, book a consultation with Giovanni today. Together, we’ll determine the best action to get you back to optimal function. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Musculoskeletal Pain and Body Scans Imaging 1. What are body scans, and how do they help diagnose musculoskeletal pain?Body scans include imaging technologies such as ultrasound, X-ray, and MRI. These scans help diagnose soft tissue injuries (like tendinopathy, bursitis, and ligament tears) or bone-related conditions (such as fractures or arthritis). They provide a clearer picture of what might be causing pain, inflammation, or restricted movement. 2. Why is ultrasound commonly used in diagnosing soft tissue injuries?Ultrasound is highly effective for real-time imaging of soft tissues like muscles, tendons, bursae, and ligaments. It helps diagnose conditions such as tendinopathy, bursitis, and ligament tears, providing a dynamic view of the area being studied without the need for invasive procedures. 3. When should I consider getting an ultrasound or other scans for my injury?If you’re experiencing persistent pain, swelling, or limited mobility that isn’t improving with initial therapy (such as exercises or hands-on treatment), it might be time to consider an ultrasound or other scans. These can help identify the underlying cause of your symptoms and allow for a more targeted treatment approach. 4. How do orthopedic […]
Mar
Meralgia Paresthetica is a condition characterized by numbness, tingling, and burning pain in the outer thigh. It occurs when the “lateral femoral cutaneous nerve” (LFCN), which supplies sensation to the skin of the thigh, becomes compressed or irritated. While not life-threatening, it can be uncomfortable and disruptive to daily activities. Now let’s see how Myotherapy treatment can help with this presentation. Causes of Meralgia Paresthetica Meralgia Paresthetica presents with symptoms of lateral thigh weakness and numbness, which are caused by compression or the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. This compression can have typical causes, which include: Tight clothing – Wearing tight jeans, belts, or shapewear can compress the nerve at the hip height. Obesity or weight gain – Excess weight puts pressure on the nerve. Pregnancy – The growing uterus may contribute to nerve compression. Prolonged standing or walking – Excessive movement can irritate the nerve. Injury or trauma – Previous surgeries, injuries, or direct impact to the hip area can damage the nerve. Diabetes – Diabetic neuropathy may increase susceptibility to nerve-related conditions. Inguinal ligament – The LFCN passes right under the inguinal ligament, which may create compression on the nerve itself. All those factors can compress the branch of the femoral nerve, which innervates the lateral portion of the thigh. The origin of the nerve is at the lumbar level L2/L3. Indeed, when a portion of the skin has altered sensation, it is often a peripheral compression that causes the symptoms. Symptoms of Meralgia Paresthetica The symptoms for Meraglia Parestetica often involved one leg only, as it is quiet uncommon to get compression bilaterally. Those symptoms include: Burning, tingling, or numbness in the outer thigh. The skin of the lateral thigh can also become very sensitive and painful to the touch. Sharp or aching pain that worsens with prolonged standing or walking. If the compression is due to organs or the inguinal ligament, movement can aggravate the presentation due to the tightness of the structure during movement. Increased sensitivity to touch in the affected area. Muscle weakness is not a symptom, as this condition affects sensation, not motor function. How can myotherapy treatment help individualise this presentation? As a myotherapist, I specialise in muscular skeletal presentations, and we focus on soft tissues. Through a series of assessments, we can determine whether the compression is peripheral or root nerve compression. Let’s see how. Medical History In the first step, we examine the medical history and physical examination, identifying risk factors and symptoms. Along with the physical examination, we examine the Myotome and Dermatome. Examination On top of active range of motion and another orthopedic test to rule in and out other possible presentations, there are some specific tests which we want to focus on, Myotome and Dermatome. The Myotome are resisted movement, like in this case, hip flexion, knee flexion, knee extension, where it would result in positive findings if we have evident weakness and or back pain. This test would rule in a compression to the spine level. Dermatome, on the other hand, are used to test the connectivity of the cutaneous nerve. So with a sharp and soft object, we will mark some line along the thigh area, looking for loss or confused sensations. This test would rule in a peripheral compression of the nerve. Notice that both presentations can be presented at the same time. Other tests that can be done for this presentation include: Electromyography (EMG) – To rule out other neurological disorders. Imaging tests (MRI, X-ray, or ultrasound) – Identifying structural issues or nerve compression. For those tests, Giovanni would write a referral letter for your GP. Treatment Options for Meralgia Paresthetica As often happens, the treatment options are multiple and must be embraced in groups, not individually. The overall aim of any treatment is to relieve pressure on the nerve and reduce symptoms. Here is a list of treatment options and modalities: Lifestyle Modifications Wear loose-fitting clothing to reduce nerve compression. Weight management to decrease excess pressure on the nerve. Avoid prolonged standing or walking if symptoms worsen. Medical Treatments Pain relievers – NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) or acetaminophen for mild pain relief. Myotherapy treatment – along a series of myotherapy sessions we can reduce symptoms and improve the presentation. Corticosteroid injections – Reduce inflammation and pain. Nerve blocks – In severe cases, numbing the nerve can provide relief. Surgical Options (For Severe Cases) Nerve decompression surgery – Relieves pressure on the nerve. Neurectomy – Removing the affected nerve if pain is persistent. How Myotherapy Can Help At Melbourne Massage and Treatment, during a myotherapy session, after ensuring we are dealing with a Meralgia Paresthetica I may use a series of techniques to help you out with your symptoms. What technique to use is based on your individual presentation,, other cohexsitng presentations, adn also your choice and comfort. Here is a list of modalities used during a Myotherapy session: Muscle Energetic Technique (MET) – Helps reduce tension in the hip, thigh, and lower back muscles that may be contributing to nerve compression. Trigger Point Therapy – Addresses myofascial trigger points that can exacerbate pain and discomfort. Mobility and Strengthening Exercises – Improves mobility and reduces pressure on the nerve. Postural Education – Helps correct movement patterns that may be aggravating symptoms. Joint Mobilization – Enhances circulation and reduces inflammation in affected joints. Dry needling – Using a needle can help reduce pain and muscle ache and increase the neurological connection of those same soft tissues. After the hands-on treatment, we will then look into exercises that can help maintain the change we created. That said, there are other precautions to take in consideration, like: Maintain a healthy weight to prevent excess pressure on the nerve. Choose comfortable clothing that doesn’t constrict the waist or thighs. Incorporate gentle mobility and exercise into your routine. Monitor underlying conditions, such as diabetes, to reduce nerve-related complications. Conclusion Meralgia Paresthetica can be managed effectively with lifestyle changes, medical treatment, and preventive care. Myotherapy can be a valuable complementary […]
Feb
Whiplash is a common neck injury caused by a sudden and forceful back-and-forth motion of the head. We often see this in patients who go through a car accident, contact sports injuries (AFL, rugby or even Soccer), or falls. While whiplash is usually not life-threatening, we now know that it can cause persistent pain and discomfort, affecting daily activities. Therefore, it is important to understand its symptoms, causes, and the best exercises for recovery, which can help individuals manage and overcome this condition effectively. Common Causes of Whiplash Whiplash is a term used to describe a fast rocking motion of the cervical area and is most frequently caused by: Car accidents: Rear-end collisions are the leading cause, as the sudden force propels the head forward and backward. Sports injuries: Contact sports like football, boxing, or hockey but even AFL, Rugby or even Soccer increase the risk of whiplash injuries. Falls: Slipping and falling can cause the head to jerk suddenly, leading to whiplash. Physical assaults: Blows to the head or sudden jolts, such as those experienced in shaken baby syndrome, can result in whiplash. What are the consequences of Whiplash for the cervical ligaments? The consequences of whiplash for the cervical ligaments can be significant, leading to long-term instability and chronic pain. When the ligaments are overstretched or torn, they lose their ability to support the cervical spine, resulting in properly: Reduced Stability: Weakened ligaments can no longer provide adequate support to the cervical vertebrae, leading to excessive movement and an increased risk of further injury. That’s why stretching is not recommended either. Chronic Pain and Stiffness: Persistent discomfort may arise as the muscles attempt to compensate for the lack of ligament support. Increased Risk of Degeneration: Ligament damage can accelerate wear and tear on the cervical joints, potentially leading to conditions such as osteoarthritis. Neurological Symptoms: Instability in the cervical spine may irritate or compress nerves, leading to headaches, dizziness, or numbness in the arms. Symptoms of Whiplash Whiplash symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe pain, and they often appear within hours or days of the injury. Common symptoms include: Neck pain and stiffness: One of the most prevalent symptoms, often worsening with movement. Headaches: Typically originating from the base of the skull and radiating toward the forehead. Shoulder and upper back pain: The impact can cause muscle strain in surrounding areas. Reduced range of motion: Difficulty moving the neck due to stiffness and discomfort. Dizziness and fatigue: A common reaction as the body copes with the injury. Tingling or numbness in the arms: Nerve involvement may lead to sensations of pins and needles. Cognitive issues: Some people experience memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and irritability. Those symptoms may not present all at once, and they can belong to other presentations, while whiplash did or didn’t happen anytime before. That’s why when we go through a clinical history taking, as Myotherapist, we take our time to dig into your past and your body habits, as this can give us important information about your current presentation and what we can do to improve it. Why Can Whiplash Become a Lifelong Issue? In some cases, whiplash can become a chronic condition due to the instability of cervical ligaments. Cervical vertebrae can be divided into two parts, Mobile and Stable joints. C1 to C2 are the mobile ones, whereas C3 to C7 are the stable ones. Now, if along a whiplash incident, the ligaments of either the mobile or, most luckily, the stable side get strained, the muscles surrounding that segment of the joint would have to work harder to maintain stability. This would lead to to ongoing discomfort, reduced mobility due to pain and muscle spasms, and increased vulnerability to future injuries. If left untreated or managed improperly, this is how the condition can become chronic and lead to other injuries along the way. Importance of Thoracic Mobility Thoracic mobility plays a crucial role in preventing the chain effect of mobility and stability issues between the thoracic spine, lower cervical, and upper cervical regions. If the thoracic spine is stiff or restricted, the lower and upper cervical spine must compensate, leading to increased strain and pain. Improving thoracic mobility through targeted exercises can help reduce this compensatory stress, allowing for better neck function and reducing the risk of chronic discomfort. In a case of a previous history of whiplash, maintaining good thoracic mobility would allow the cervical area to focus on its duties, so stability for the lower portion and mobility for the upper. Reducing the risk of overcompensation and muscle fatigue. Effective Exercises for Whiplash Recovery A structured exercise program is essential for whiplash recovery. This program should begin with isometric exercises to restore basic cervical movement, progress to concentric exercises to rebuild strength, and eventually include thoracic mobility drills to enhance overall spinal function. Phase 1: Isometric Exercises for Early Recovery. For the first 2 weeks post-injury, 5 to 7 days a week. Isometric exercises help activate muscles without excessive movement, providing a stable foundation for recovery. This step is essential to start driving more blood to the area irritated by the whiplash and also allow the central nervous system to feel confident in perceiving the cervical structure moving without pain. Isometric Neck Holds: Place your hand on your forehead and gently press against it without moving your head. Push only 25% of your strength, as it has to be a pain-free exercise. Hold for 5-10 seconds and repeat 5 times. These exercises can be done in any cervical movement, such as extension, lateral flexion, or rotation, by using your hand as a resistance and pushing always at 25% of your strength. The strenght of push does not ever progress, what you will progress within isometric exercises are the time fram of push, repetitions and sets. Phase 2: Concentric Strengthening Exercises. From week 3 post-injury onwards,3 to 5 times a week. Once the pain subsides, which we would expect to happen in 2 weeks about it, gradual […]
Jan
A deadlift (conventional deadlift) is a popular exercise that aims to strengthen your posterior chain muscle, including the erector spinae muscle, glutes, and hamstring. It is considered a really top list of important exercises to do, and it can be fun and rewarding, but when the weight you move starts increasing, it can lead to severe injuries if you are not using the right technique. Let’s then look into what we need to do to get a good deadlift by starting to analyse from bottom to top how the body should be placed. Centre of mass and biomechanics in deadlift To start with, let’s talk about the biomechanics and the centre of mass for a deadlift. When doing exercises, biomechanics plays a crucial role in safety and optimal exercise execution, and there is no exception for the deadlift. Furthermore, along with all exercises, the lifting and the descending part, the weight has to be in line with the centre of mass. These two components are strictly interconnected to the other one, which means if I don’t use the right biomechanics, I am not going to have the weight aligned with the centre of mass, or if the weight is not aligned with the centre of mass, I am not using my biomechanics at its full potential. So, what’s the centre of mass in the deadlift? The centre of mass in a deadlift is that imaginary line that runs right from the mid-portion of your feet up right in front of your shins, and as you lift the weight up, it passes right in front of your pelvis. That’s where the bar is going to end once you complete the lifting motion. What happens if I don’t keep the bar along the centre of mass? At any stage, during the lifting or the descending motion, if you move the bar further away from the centre of the mass line, there is a great danger of injury. This is because, as the weight travels away from the centre of mass, there is an increase in momentum, which means that your muscles and ligaments that are working hard to move the weight are suddenly placed under a greater load. What are then the proper biomechanics to observe along a deadlift? Ankle and Knee To execute a good deadlift, we want to ensure we have good ankle dorsiflexion, which is not as important as when we squat, but still, we better ensure it is working right. This would allow a straight forward movement of the knee, which would not need to find its way medially or laterally along the initial bending for when we go to grab the bar. Moving up the chain, as we said, the knee have to point straight ahead, following the toes direction. Hip and lower back Next is the hip. This is an important joint, and here is where we need to make sure that we tilt the pelvis forward (bring the teil bone upwards) and as we hinge the hip, we have to have enough movement in there that the greater trochanter (bone landmark that represents the side of the femur’s head) is posterior to the malleolus (the bone landmark that make the side and medial portion of the ankle). Now, if we managed to have tailbone project far back and up, and hip hinged with a slightly bent knee, our back up to cervical area would be alrady quiet flat. Thoracic and head If we keep going upwards, we get to the upper thoracic area, right between the scapula. Here, we want to keep the scapula protracted and have the rhomboids and serratus anterior muscles active and strong so that the arms can hang down straight towards the bar and sit right next to the knee. Regarding the head, use your eyesight to look down at the floor at 45° in front of you and feel the ears pulling away from the shoulder. That would keep your neck nice and long and place the head in the right position. Arms and hands Arms hang down from the shoulder in a straight line, from the AC Joint down to the wrist. The arm has to feel heavy and prolonged, and the hands must sit right next to the shin. Indeed, your arms must stay as wide as your shoulders. That would ensure that your arms are at 90° with the bar, and from a vertical pool point of view, they can take the maximum load ever. Lastly, regarding the hands, there are different grip types that can be used for the deadlift. What is most important is that the wrist is straight following the armline. For exercise purposes, you can have a regular grip where your thumb is gripping around the bar. For heavier weights, you may want to do a mixed grip, where one hand (the dominant one) has the palm facing forward, and the other hand has the palm facing you. In conclusion, the biomechanics of the deadlift, if used correctly, will allow you to always weight in a safe spot, in line with the centre of mass. Your back has to be flat at all times, and along the exercise execution, you want to grasp air in, engage the core to flat out the lower back and then you can lift off. Benefits of Deadlifting Now, let’s look into the benefits of deadlifting. Full-body workout: Deadlifts engage multiple muscle groups—glutes, hamstrings, quads, lower back, core, traps, and forearms—providing a full-body workout in a single movement. Improved strength: Deadlifts are among the best exercises for building overall strength, especially in the posterior chain (back, glutes, and hamstrings). Better posture: Deadlifts can improve posture and reduce the risk of slouching by strengthening your back and core muscles. Core stability: The movement requires significant core activation, helping to enhance core strength and stability. Increased athletic performance: Deadlifts translate well to other athletic movements, as they improve explosiveness, agility, and endurance. Fat loss: The intensity and demand on […]
Lymphoedema is a condition often associated with cancer survivors, particularly those who have undergone surgery or radiation therapy, but it can also occur due to other chronic conditions or injuries. Characterized by the swelling of limbs due to the accumulation of lymphatic fluid, lymphoedema can significantly impact a person’s mobility, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. Early diagnosis of lymphedema and management are key to preventing long-term complications, and at Melbourne Massage and Treatment in Fitzroy North, Giovanni, a skilled Myotherapist and Lymphoedema therapist, specializes in identifying and managing this condition using a combination of manual techniques and physical assessments. In this blog, we’ll explore how lymphoedema is diagnosed, the challenges of identifying it early, and Giovanni’s approaches to detecting and managing the condition. What is Lymphoedema? Lymphoedema occurs when there is a disruption in the lymphatic system, leading to the accumulation of lymph fluid, a protein-rich fluid that sits beneath the skin and between the body’s tissue, which often causes swelling in the limbs or other areas of the body. This condition can develop due to a variety of factors, such as lymph node removal during surgery, radiation treatments, injury, or genetic predisposition. Early detection of lymphoedema is crucial to prevent the condition from worsening and causing complications like tissue fibrosis, infections, or reduced mobility. Challenges in the Diagnosis of Lymphoedema Lymphoedema can be difficult to diagnose, especially in its early stages. In its initial phase, symptoms such as heaviness, tightness, or mild swelling may seem subtle and easy to overlook. Patients might attribute these sensations to muscle strain or arthritis, delaying the diagnosis. Furthermore, swelling can fluctuate, making it even harder to identify at the outset. By the time noticeable swelling occurs, the condition may have already advanced, complicating treatment and requiring more intensive management. This is why early detection is so important, as it allows for less invasive treatments and better long-term outcomes. Giovanni’s Approach to Diagnosis of Lymphoedema As a Myotherapist and Lymphoedema therapist at Melbourne Massage and Treatment Lymphoedema Clinic, Giovanni uses manual techniques and physical assessments to diagnose lymphoedema. Although he does not use imaging technology or machines to detect the condition, Giovanni’s training and experience enable him to identify the signs and symptoms through careful observation, palpation, and physical examination. That said, if it is needed, Giovanni can write a referral doctor for your GP to indicate why he believes it is important for you to undertake a specific scan or some medical test. 1. History taking The earlier approach to Lymphoedema diagnosis is an extended look at the medical history, where any past surgery, injury, accident or medications need to be outlined and taken into consideration. 2. Clinical Assessment Following the history taken to diagnose lymphoedema is the clinical assessment. Giovanni conducts a thorough physical examination of the affected limb or area, paying close attention to key signs of lymphoedema, such as: Persistent swelling that doesn’t subside with rest Feeling of heaviness or tightness in the limb Changes in skin texture, such as hardening or thickening Reduced range of motion in the affected area Along with your booking confirmation, you would also receive a form to fill in online, which would start paving the road to your diagnosis. 3. Tape Measurement Method One of the simplest, yet effective, ways Giovanni diagnoses lymphoedema is by using tape measurements. This involves measuring the circumference of the affected limb at various points (e.g., wrist, forearm, upper arm) and comparing these measurements to the unaffected side. Over time, consistent and progressive changes in limb circumference can indicate the development of lymphoedema. While this method is cost-effective and easy to perform, it may not detect early, subtle changes in limb volume. However, when paired with other assessments, it offers valuable information about the progression of the condition. 4. The Pitting Test Giovanni often performs the pitting test, a hands-on method to assess fluid accumulation in the affected area. This simple test involves pressing down on the swollen area with his fingers. If an indentation (or “pit”) remains for several seconds after the pressure is released, it indicates the presence of excess fluid in the tissue, which is a hallmark of lymphoedema. The pitting test helps Giovanni evaluate the severity of fluid retention, but it is more subjective than advanced diagnostic tools. 5. Stemmer’s Sign – Tissue assessment Giovanni also uses palpation (manual examination through touch) to assess the affected area’s tissue texture and consistency. In the early stages of lymphoedema, the tissue may feel soft and puffy, but as the condition progresses, it can become firmer, and in some cases, the skin may develop a thicker, fibrous texture. These changes are essential indicators of lymphoedema and are crucial for determining the stage of the condition. In addition to this, the Stemmer’s Sign is a test that consists of picking what we would expect to be wrinkled skin, like the one just before the toe/tarsal joint. A positive test would result in the impossibility of pinching any skin due to the swelling in the area. 6. Lymphoscintigraphy A lymphoscintigraphy is a scan that is part of nuclear medicine tests, and it is specifically used to detect any interruption within the lymphatic system. The test is done in the specific clinic, and no recovery is needed for it. The procedure consists of injecting a radioactive liquid either in the feet or hands and with a specific camera, detecting the movement of the liquid within the body. We would expect the liquid to move within a certain timing and pathway along the lymphatic system. If that doesn’t happen, this test can give a good understanding if anything is not functioning with the lymphatic system. Why is Early Detection Crucial? The earlier lymphoedema is detected, the easier it is to manage. Early-stage lymphoedema is often easier to treat with less invasive interventions, such as manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), compression therapy (CDT), specific exercises, and skin care. These treatments can help reduce swelling, prevent the condition from worsening, and improve […]